A randomised controlled trial has tested the efficacy of triple therapy with a single inhaler containing a long-acting beta₂ agonist (LABA), a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), as maintenance therapy for preventing exacerbations in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over LAMA monotherapy.¹

The study included three treatment arms: extrafine beclometasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate and glycopyrronium bromide (BDP/FF/GB; fixed triple therapy using a single inhaler), tiotropium alone (monotherapy) and BDP/FF plus tiotropium (open triple therapy using two inhalers).¹ The open triple therapy arm was included as a control. Eligible …