Elsevier

Tubercle

Volume 68, Issue 2, June 1987, Pages 81-92

Original article
Effectiveness of BCG vaccination in england and wales in 1983

https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(87)90023-7Get rights and content

Abstract

The effectiveness of BCG vaccination, at about age 13 years, in the prevention of tuberculosis at ages 15–24 years in England and Wales in 1983, has been determined by the same method as in two previous surveys in 1973 and 1978. In 1983, the tuberculosis notification rate among those vaccinated in the schools' scheme was 3.30 per 100 000, compared with an estimated rate of 13.20 per 100 000 among those who were tuberculin negative and not vaccinated in the scheme. The protective effectiveness of BCG vaccination at ages 15–24 years in England and Wales in 1983 is thus estimated as 75 %; the estimated efficacy in the white ethnic group is closely similar, namely 76 %.

The estimated efficacy of BCG at ages 15–19 and 20–24 years in the three surveys, both in the white ethnic group and in the entire cohort, has been compared with that found in the Medical Research Council's controlled trial of tuberculosis vaccines which began in 1950. There is no evidence of any decrease in the protective efficacy of BCG vaccination between the four cohorts of young adults, which span a total period of 29 years. However, there were steep decreases between the cohorts in the annual notification rates for the white ethnic group; these decreases occurred in the BCG vaccinated and in the tuberculin negative unvaccinated groups, as well as among those found tuberculin positive (and not vaccinated) in the schools' scheme.

It is concluded that the level of protective efficacy of BCG vaccination at ages 15–24 years is high, and has remained unchanged since the start of the BCG in schools' scheme. However, as the tuberculosis notification rate in young adults has decreased steeply throughout this period, and is continuing to decrease, the benefits to be expected from the BCG in schools' scheme will decrease equally rapidly.

Résumé

L'efficacité de la vaccination BCG pratiquée a l'âge de 13 ans environ, en vue de la prévention de la tuberculose chez des sujets ages de 15 à 24 ans en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles en 1983 a été évaluée par la même méthode utilisée lors de deux études antérieures réalisées en 1973 et 1978. En 1983, le taux de déclaration de la tuberculose parmi les sujets vaccines dans le cadre du programme scolaire a été de 3,30 pour 100.000, comparé au taux de 13,20 pour 100.000 estimé chez les sujets trouvés négatifs au test tuberculinique et non vaccinés dans le cadre de ce programme. Ainsi, la protection conférée par le BCG chez les sujets âgés de 15–24 ans en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles en 1983 est estimée a 75 %; l'efficacité estimée clans le groupe ethnique blanc est pratiquement le même (76 %) que dans l'ensemble de la population étudiée.

L'efficacité estimée du BCG chez les sujets âgés de 15–19 ans et de 20–24 ans dans les trois études, aussi bien clans le groupe ethnique blanc que clans la cohorte complete, a été comparée à celle trouvée clans l'essai contrôlé des vaccins antituberculeux du Medical Research Council commencé en 1950. Aucune diminution de la protection conféŕee par la vaccination BCG n'a été constateé dans les quatre cohortes de jeunes adultes qui couvrait au total une période de 29 ans. Cependant, une diminution accentuée des taux annuels de declaration a été observée clans les cohortes du groupe blanc; cette diminution a été constatée aussi bien clans les groupes des sujets vaccinés par le BCG et les groupes de sujets non vaccinés tuberculino-négatifs, que clans les groupes considérés comme tuberculino-positifs (et non vaccinés) clans le programme scolaire.

Les auteurs concluent que le niveau de protection conféré par la vaccination BCG à l'âge de 15–24 and est élevé et qu'il se maintient sans modification depuis le début du programme scolaire de vaccination BCG. Néanmoins, étant donné que le taux de déclaration de tuberculose chez les jeunes adultes a diminué de façon marquée tout au long de cette période, et qu'il continue à diminuer, les bénéfices espérés du programme de vaccination BCG clans les écoles climinueront avec la même rapidité.

Resumen

En 1983, en Inglaterra y Gales se evaluó le eficacia de la vacunacion con BCG practicade a los de 13 anos de edad con fines de prevenir la tuberculosis a la edad de 15–24 añons, con el mismo método utilizado en los dos estudios anteriores realizados en 1973 y 1978. En 1983 la tasa de notificatión de la tuberculosis entre los sujetos vacunados en el programa escolar era 3.30 por 100 000 comparada con una tasa estimada de 13,20 por 100 000 en los sujetos que eran tuberculino-negativos y no vacunados durante la realización de este programa. Así, la protección conferida por el BCG a la edad de 15–24 años en Inglaterra y Gales en 1983 se estimó en 75 %; la eficacia estimada en el grupo etnico blanco fue prácticamente la misma que en el total de la población estudiada, es decir 76 %.

Se comparó la eficacia estimada del BCG a las edades de 15–19 y de 20–24 años en los tres estudios, tanto en el grupo blanco como en el total de la cohorte, con aquélla encontrada en el estudio controlado del Medical Research Council sobre las vacunas antituberculosas que comenzó en 1950. No se constató ninguna disminución de la protección conferida por la vacunación con BCG en las cuatro cohortes de adultos jóvenes que cubrian en total un periodo de 29 anos. Sin embargo, en las cohortes del grupo bianco se observó una disminución acentuada de las tasas anuales de notificacion; esta disminmución se constató tanto en los grupos de sujetos vacunados con BCG y en los no vacunados tuberculino-negativos como en aquéllos considerados como tuberculino-positivos (y no vacunados) en el programa escolar.

Los autores concluyen que el nivel de protección conferido por la vacunación con BCG a la edad de 15–24 anos es elevado y que se mantiene sin modificación desde el comienzo del programa escolar de vacunación con BCG. No obstante, dado que la tasa de notificacion de tuberculosis en los adultos jóvenes ha disminuido de manera acentuada a to largo de este periodo y que continua disaminuyendo, los beneficios esperados del programa de vacunación con BCG en las escuelas disminuirán con la misma rapidez.

References (11)

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