Abstract

A collection of pus in the pleural space (empyema) is a dangerous condition that is usually a complication of pneumonia. Empyema can be associated with a delayed response of pneumonia to antibacterial treatment.1 It can lead to septicaemia, disseminated abscesses and prolonged hospitalisation.1–3 Reported mortality rates are typically 7-33%,2–6 but may exceed 50% in elderly patients or those with significant comorbidity, such as malignancy, diabetes mellitus or alcohol abuse.3^,5^,7 Here we review the management of adults with empyema.